PPP technique is widely used in geodetic-geophysical measurement applications in GNSS-based positioning, climatic studies, geohazard monitoring and atmospheric research, agriculture, mining, construction, energy (oil & gas) (Erdogan et al. The PPP technique, which provides cmdm level accuracy in static and kinematic modes on a global scale, has, therefore, attracted great attention. Furthermore, handheld receivers were characterized by a smaller number of outliers. Moreover, the study showed that handheld receivers might achieve a better accuracy than smartphones, and that position might be determined with a greater accuracy and reliability. On the other hand, in the case of measurement in motion, the handheld receivers guaranteed higher accuracy. More favorable results of point positioning were observed when using mobile phones. Based on the results, the significant influence of measuring in the vicinity of high trees on the obtained accuracy was observed for both the precise geodetic equipment and the tested code receivers. Methodology was based on the RTK technique, whose coordinates were assumed as a reference. Measurement was based on 3 smartphone (in the same mode to check repeatability) and 2 handheld receivers (working in GPS+GLONASS modes). The main objective of this research work was to study the accuracy of GNSS code receivers in poor sky visibility conditions based on measurements on three different objects (point, line, and surface) and additionally to test results on point positioning with good sky visibility conditions. Yakın bir gelecekte ise özellikle araç park etme, kargo teslimatı, ortak araç kullanımı, acil durum müdahalesi ve otonom sürüş gibi akıllı şehir mobil servis uygulamalarında da etkin olarak kullanımı beklenmektedir (Robustelli, Baiocchi & Pugliano, 2019). Bu nedenle GNSS tabanlı hassas konum belirlemede, jeodezikjeofizik çalışmalar, iklimbilim ve atmosferik araştırmalar, hidrografik-oşinografik ölçmeler, deformasyonların izlenmesi, tarım, madencilik, inşaat ve enerji alanı uygulamaları gibi pek çok alanda PPP yöntemi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır (Erdoğan vd., 2018 Lipatnikov & Shevchuk, 2019). Ardından International GNSS Service (IGS) başta olmak üzere Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), European Space Agency (ESA) gibi sivil organizasyonların RTCM veri formatı ve NTRIP protokolü üzerinden ücretsiz olarak sağladıkları gerçek zamanlı hassas uydu yörünge ve saat düzeltme bilgileriyle, PPP yönteminin gerçek zamanlı (real-time) uygulamalarında da büyük bir artış olmuştur (Erdoğan, Karlıtepe, Öcalan & Tunalıoğlu, 2018).
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